The application experience of focused ultrasound heart examination in patients with COVID-19 in Prone-position.

Aim of the study. To study the experience of using focused transthoracic echocardiography in patients with COVID-19 in prone position (fEchoPr) in intensive care units (ICU). Materials and methods. The retrospective observational study included 53 patients (period from 15 April to 31 December 2020). Inclusion criteria: confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, availability of fEchoPr data, outcome certainty (discharge/death). We analyzed electronic medical records. The fEchoPr was performed in patients in the prone position with a bolster under the left side of the chest and left arm raised ('swimmer's position'). We assessed the systolic function of the right ventricle (RV) (tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE)), RV size, RV/LV ratio, systolic function of the left ventricle (LV) (left ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral. (LVOT VTI)), and pulmonary hypertension (PH) (tricuspid regurgitation peak gradient (PGTR). Depending on the results, the patients were divided into 2 groups: informative (+fEchoPr) and non-informative (-fEchoPr) examinations. Results. There was no statistically significant difference in the groups (+fEcho n = 35 vs -fEcho n = 18) by age (65.6 +/- 15.3 vs 60.2 +/- 15.8, p > 0.05), by gender (male: 23 (65.7%) vs 14 (77.8%), p > 0.05), by body mass index (31.3 +/- 5.3 kg/m2 vs 29.5 +/- 5.4 kg/m2, p > 0.05), by mechanical ventilation support (24 (68.6%) vs 17 (94.4%), p = 0.074), by NEWS scale indicators (6.9 +/- 3.7 vs 8.5 +/- 3.5 points), by mortality (82.8% vs 94.4%, p > 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed a moderate inverse relationship between being on mechanical ventilation and the informative value of the study (Spearman's r = -0.30 at p = 0.033). In the +fEchoPr group, the correct measurement of TAPSE and RV/LV was carried out in 100%: a decrease in RV systolic function was recorded in 5 patients (14%), expansion of the RV in 13 patients (37%). Signs of PH were detected in 11 patients (31%), PGTR could not be measured in 10 patients (28%). LV systolic dysfunction was detected in 7 patients (20%). No pathology was detected in 16 patients (46%). One patient was diagnosed with infective endocarditis of native mitral valve, which was later confirmed by autopsy. Conclusion. In 66% of cases, fEchoPr examinations were informative, especially in terms of assessing the state of the right heart. fEchoPr examination is an affordable, valid and reproducible method to assess and monitor the state of the heart in ICU patients.Copyright © 2021 VIDAR Publishing House. All Rights Reserved.

The application experience of focused ultrasound heart examination in patients with COVID-19 in Prone-position

Aim of the study. To study the experience of using focused transthoracic echocardiography in patients with COVID-19 in prone position (fEchoPr) in intensive care units (ICU). Materials and methods. The retrospective observational study included 53 patients (period from 15 April to 31 December 2020). Inclusion criteria: confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, availability of fEchoPr data, outcome certainty (discharge/death). We analyzed electronic medical records. The fEchoPr was performed in patients in the prone position with a bolster under the left side of the chest and left arm raised ('swimmer's position'). We assessed the systolic function of the right ventricle (RV) (tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE)), RV size, RV/LV ratio, systolic function of the left ventricle (LV) (left ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral. (LVOT VTI)), and pulmonary hypertension (PH) (tricuspid regurgitation peak gradient (PGTR). Depending on the results, the patients were divided into 2 groups: informative (+fEchoPr) and non-informative (-fEchoPr) examinations. Results. There was no statistically significant difference in the groups (+fEcho n = 35 vs -fEcho n = 18) by age (65.6 ± 15.3 vs 60.2 ± 15.8, p >0.05), by gender (male: 23 (65.7%) vs 14 (77.8%), p >0.05), by body mass index (31.3 ± 5.3 kg/m2 vs 29.5 ± 5.4 kg/m2, p >0.05), by mechanical ventilation support (24 (68.6%) vs 17 (94.4%), p = 0.074), by NEWS scale indicators (6.9 ± 3.7 vs 8.5 ± 3.5 points), by mortality (82.8% vs 94.4%, p >0.05). Correlation analysis revealed a moderate inverse relationship between being on mechanical ventilation and the informative value of the study (Spearman's r = −0.30 at p = 0.033). In the +fEchoPr group, the correct measurement of TAPSE and RV/LV was carried out in 100%: a decrease in RV systolic function was recorded in 5 patients (14%), expansion of the RV in 13 patients (37%). Signs of PH were detected in 11 patients (31%), PGTR could not be measured in 10 patients (28%). LV systolic dysfunction was detected in 7 patients (20%). No pathology was detected in 16 patients (46%). One patient was diagnosed with infective endocarditis of native mitral valve, which was later confirmed by autopsy. Conclusion. In 66% of cases, fEchoPr examinations were informative, especially in terms of assessing the state of the right heart. fEchoPr examination is an affordable, valid and reproducible method to assess and monitor the state of the heart in ICU patients. © 2021 VIDAR Publishing House. All Rights Reserved.

Risk factors of adverse prognosis in patients on maintenance hemodialysis with Covid-19. Focus on cardivascular comorbidity. Single center experience

Background: patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) are at high risk of adverse clinical course of COVID-19. Study objective: analysis and evaluation of heart condition and risk factors of adverse clinical course of COVID-19 in patients on MHD. Materials and methods: 85 patients were included in retrospective observational hospital-based study in Moscow City Hospital 52 from 04.15 to 06.02.2020. The endpoints were results of hospitalization: discharge or lethal outcome. Several demographic, anamnestic, clinical and instrumental indicators were analyzed. Among them: gender, age, general and cardiovascular comorbidity (Charlson index, CCI), the type of vascular dialysis access, the etiology of ESKD, dialysis vintage, body mass index (BMI), cardiovascular events (CVE) in the course of hospital stay (myocardial infarction, MI, pulmonary embolism, PE, and others), ICU admission, mechanical ventilation (MV), the results of echocardiography and lung computed tomography (CT). Odds ratio (OR) was calculated and logistic regression with step-by-step algorithm was applied to assess risk factors of adverse outcomes of COVID-19 in cohort under study. Results: The mean age was 65±13 years (59%, males). Mortality in whole cohort was 43.5% (75%, in ICU patients, and 89% in patient on MV). The concomitant diseases were hypertension (92%), ischemic heart disease (54%), recent MI (19%), chronic heart failure (55%), permanent atrial fibrillation (20%) and diabetes (45%). Mean CCI was 6.6±2.4. Obesity was observed in 33% of cases. No statistical confidence was found in CCI (6.3±2.4 points (survivors) vs 7.0±2.3 points, p>0.05), BMI (26.8±5.3 kg/m2 vs 27.1±5.8 kg/m2, p>0.05). The total number of CVE - 20 (4 vs 16, p=0.019), MI - 10%, PE - 6%. No statistically significant difference was found in LV myocardial mass index - average index 140±33 g/m2 (138±36 g/m2 vs 143±30 g/m2, p>0.05), LA volume index - median 35 (33;40) ml/m2 - 35 (33;40) ml/m2 vs 36 (35;38) ml/m2, p>0.05. In 35% systolic disfunction of right ventricle was observed with no difference between groups. The average index of left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) was 53±9% (54±6% vs 50±10%, p=0.019). The median of pulmonary artery systolic pressure - 40 mm Hg (30;53) (38 (30;52) mm Hg vs 42 mm (34;53) Hg, p>0.05). The highest OR was calculated for following parameters: MV (OR=31.95% CI 18-121, p=0.0001), CVE (OR=8.3, 95% CI=2.5-2.8, p=0.0001), CCI ≥6 (OR=4.8, CI=1.6-11.2, p=0.002) and LVEF ≤45% (OR=3-8, 95%, CI=1.3-11,3, p=0.018). Regression logistic analysis demonstrated a strong relationship of lethal outcome with MV (OR=18.0) and CVE (OR=8.5), the moderate relationship with male gender (OR=2.1) and CCI (OR=1.25). Conclusion: the predictors of adverse outcome of COVID-19 in patients on MHD are the need for MV, CVE, CCI ≥6, decline of LVEF ≤45%, male gender. Введение: пациенты на программном гемодиализе (ПГД) формируют группу высокого риска неблагоприятного течения COVID-19. Цель исследования: анализ структурно-функциональных особенностей сердца и факторов риска (ФР) неблагоприятного исхода COVID-19 у пациентов на ПГД. Материалы и методы: в ретроспективное наблюдательное исследование с 15.04 по 02.06.20 г. включено 85 пациентов. Конечные точки исследования - исходы госпитализации (выписка/летальный исход). Сбор данных осуществлялся путем анализа электронных историй болезни. Независимые переменные: пол, возраст, сердечно-сосудистая, общая коморбидность (индекс Charlson, ССI), тип сосудистого доступа, причина тПН, винтаж диализа, индекс массы тела (ИМТ), кардиоваскулярное событие (КВС) в ходе госпитализации (острый инфаркт миокарда (ИМ), тромбоэмболия легочной артерии (ТЭЛА) и др.), лечение пациента в ОРИТ, проведение ИВЛ, данные МСКТ ОГК и эхокардиографического исследования. Для оценки ФР неблагоприятного исхода рассчитывалось отношение шансов (ОШ), построена модель логистической регрессии с пошаговым алгоритмом включения и исключения предикторов. Результаты: средний возраст 65±13 лет, мужчины - 59%. Общая летальность - 43,5%, среди пациентов ОРИТ - 75%, на ИВЛ - 89%. Сопутствующие заболевания: артериальная гипертензия (92%), ишемическая болезнь сердца (54%), постинфарктный кардиосклероз (19%), хроническая сердечная недостаточность (55%), постоянная форма фибрилляции предсердий (20%), сахарный диабет (45%). Средний CCI - 6,6±2,4 баллов, ИМТ >30 кг/м2 - у 33%. Не выявлено статистически значимой разницы в группах исхода по ССI (6,3±2,4 балла (выжившие) vs 7,0±2,3 балла, p>0,05), ИМТ (26,8±5,3 кг/м2 vs 27,1 ±5,8 кг/м2, p>0,05). Общее количество КВС - 20 (4 vs 16, p=0,019), ОИМ - в 10% случаев, ТЭЛА - в 6%. Не выявлено статистически значимой разницы в группах исхода по индексу массы миокарда ЛЖ (средний показатель 140±33 г/м2 (138±36 г/м2 vs 143±30 г/м2, p>0,05), индексу объема левого предсердия - медиана 35 (33;40) мл/м2 (35 (33;40) мл/м2 vs 36 (35;38) мл/м2, p>0,05). У 35% выявлена систолическая дисфункция правого желудочка. Средние показатели % фракции выброса ЛЖ (ФВЛЖ) - 53±9%, (54±6% vs 50±10%, p=0,019). Медиана систолического давления в легочной артерии - 40 mm Hg (30;53), с тенденцией к более высоким показателям в группе летальных исходов - 38 (30;52) mm Hg vs 42 (34;53) mm Hg, p>0,05. Получены следующие отношения шансов (ОШ): ИВЛ (ОШ 31;95% ДИ 8-121;p=0,0001), КВС (ОШ 8,3;95% ДИ 2,5-2,8;p=0,0001), CCI ≥6 баллов (ОШ 4,8;95% ДИ 1,6-11,2;p=0,002), ФВЛЖ ≤45% (ОШ 3,8;95% ДИ 1,3-11,3;p=0,018). Регрессионный логистический анализ выявил сильную связь летального исхода с пребыванием на ИВЛ (ОШ 18,0) и с КВС (ОШ 8,5), умеренную - с мужским полом (ОШ 2,1) и CCI (ОШ 1,25). Выводы: предикторами неблагоприятного течения COVID-19 у пациентов на ПГД являются: потребность в ИВЛ, КВС в ходе госпитализации, CCI ≥6 баллов, ФВЛЖ ≤45%, мужской пол.